Acromegaly is a rare hormonal disorder that occurs when the pituitary gland produces too much growth hormone (GH) over a prolonged period of time. GH is essential for normal growth and development in children, but in adults, it can lead to abnormal growth and enlargement of certain body parts.
The most common symptoms of acromegaly include enlargement of the hands, feet, and facial features, as well as thickening of the skin and soft tissues. Other symptoms may include joint pain and stiffness, fatigue, headache, and changes in vision.
Acromegaly is most often caused by a benign tumor in the pituitary gland, which produces excess GH. Rarely, acromegaly may be caused by tumors in other parts of the body that produce GH-releasing hormone (GHRH).
If left untreated, acromegaly can lead to serious health complications, including diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, and sleep apnea. It can also increase the risk of certain types of cancer.
Diagnosis of acromegaly involves a combination of blood tests to measure GH and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels, as well as imaging tests to locate any tumors in the pituitary gland. Treatment typically involves surgery to remove the tumor, as well as medications to control GH levels.
In some cases, radiation therapy may also be used to shrink the tumor. Following treatment, close monitoring is necessary to ensure that GH levels remain within a normal range and to detect any potential recurrence of the tumor.
While acromegaly is a rare condition, it is important to be aware of the potential symptoms and seek medical attention if they are present. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent complications and improve outcomes for individuals with acromegaly.
