Adenoviruses are a family of viruses that can cause a range of illnesses in humans, including respiratory infections, gastroenteritis, conjunctivitis, and urinary tract infections. There are more than 50 different serotypes of adenovirus, each of which can cause a different set of symptoms.
Adenoviruses are spread through contact with infected respiratory secretions, such as coughing and sneezing, as well as through contact with contaminated objects and surfaces. The viruses can survive for long periods of time outside the body and are resistant to many disinfectants.
Symptoms of adenovirus infections can vary depending on the type of virus and the location of the infection, but may include fever, sore throat, cough, runny nose, headache, diarrhea, vomiting, and conjunctivitis (pink eye). In severe cases, adenovirus infections can lead to pneumonia, bronchitis, meningitis, or other serious complications.
Adenoviruses can affect people of all ages, but are most common in young children and people with weakened immune systems. Diagnosis is usually based on symptoms and confirmed with laboratory testing.
Treatment for adenovirus infections is generally supportive and focuses on relieving symptoms. Antibiotics are not effective against viruses, but antiviral medications may be used in some cases. In severe cases, hospitalization and supportive care may be necessary.
Prevention measures include practicing good hygiene, such as washing hands frequently and avoiding close contact with people who are sick, as well as vaccination in certain populations, such as military recruits and people with compromised immune systems. Vaccines are available for certain types of adenovirus, such as those that cause respiratory illness in military personnel.
