Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a chronic eye condition that affects the macula, the part of the eye responsible for central vision. It is the leading cause of vision loss in people over the age of 50 in developed countries.
AMD typically develops slowly over time, and may cause a variety of symptoms including blurred or distorted central vision, difficulty seeing in low light, and the appearance of dark spots in the visual field. In some cases, AMD may progress to advanced stages characterized by the formation of abnormal blood vessels beneath the retina or the buildup of debris in the macula, leading to significant vision loss.
There are two main types of AMD: dry AMD and wet AMD. Dry AMD is more common and typically progresses slowly, while wet AMD is characterized by the growth of abnormal blood vessels beneath the retina and can progress more quickly. Both forms of AMD can cause significant vision loss and can impact daily activities like reading, driving, and recognizing faces.
The exact causes of AMD are not fully understood, but age, genetics, and lifestyle factors like smoking, obesity, and poor nutrition may all contribute to the development of the condition. There is currently no cure for AMD, but several treatments are available to help slow its progression and manage symptoms. These may include injections of medications that block the growth of abnormal blood vessels in the eye, laser therapy to seal leaking blood vessels, and vision rehabilitation programs.
It is important for people at risk for AMD to receive regular eye exams and to work with their healthcare provider to manage any underlying health conditions that may contribute to its development. Lifestyle modifications like maintaining a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and avoiding smoking may also help to reduce the risk of AMD.
