C-peptide is a substance produced in the pancreas during the production of insulin. Insulin is initially produced in the pancreas as proinsulin, which is then cleaved into insulin and C-peptide. While insulin is responsible for lowering blood glucose levels, C-peptide has no effect on blood glucose and is instead used as a marker for insulin production.
C-peptide is often measured in people with diabetes to assess their insulin production. In type 1 diabetes, the immune system attacks and destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, leading to low or absent levels of C-peptide. In type 2 diabetes, C-peptide levels can be normal or high initially, but may decrease over time as insulin production decreases due to beta-cell dysfunction and/or destruction.
C-peptide testing can also be used to distinguish between type 1 and type 2 diabetes, as well as to assess the effectiveness of insulin therapy in people with diabetes. Additionally, C-peptide levels can be used to diagnose insulinomas, rare tumors of the pancreas that produce insulin and C-peptide.
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