In medicine, C1 refers to the first cervical vertebra of the spine. The cervical vertebrae are the seven vertebrae that make up the neck region of the spine, and C1 is the topmost vertebra. It is also known as the atlas vertebra because it supports the head, much like the mythical figure Atlas supported the world.
The C1 vertebra is unique in that it has no intervertebral disc between it and the second cervical vertebra (C2), known as the axis. Instead, it has a large bony projection called the odontoid process or dens, which fits into a space in the atlas to allow for rotation of the head.
Injuries to the C1 vertebra are relatively rare but can be very serious, as damage to this vertebra can lead to instability of the skull and spinal cord compression. Common causes of C1 injuries include trauma such as car accidents or falls, as well as conditions like rheumatoid arthritis that can affect the bones of the neck.
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