Caliciviridae is a family of small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA viruses that infect humans and animals. The family Caliciviridae includes four genera: Norovirus, Sapovirus, Lagovirus, and Vesivirus.
Noroviruses are the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in humans, while sapoviruses are less common. Lagoviruses infect rabbits and cause hemorrhagic disease, while vesiviruses infect various animals, including swine, dogs, and mink.
Caliciviruses are transmitted through the fecal-oral route and can be spread through contaminated food, water, or surfaces. Symptoms of infection include vomiting, diarrhea, and stomach cramps, which can be severe in some cases. Noroviruses, in particular, are known for causing outbreaks of illness in closed settings such as cruise ships, schools, and nursing homes.
There is no specific treatment for calicivirus infections, and symptoms usually resolve within a few days. Prevention measures include proper hand hygiene, food safety practices, and disinfection of contaminated surfaces. Vaccines are available for some animal caliciviruses, but there are currently no vaccines for human norovirus or sapovirus.
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