Cancer of the appendix is a rare type of cancer that starts in the appendix, a small, finger-shaped organ attached to the large intestine. The most common type of appendix cancer is carcinoid tumor, which arises from the neuroendocrine cells of the appendix. Other types of appendix cancer include mucinous adenocarcinoma, which is a type of cancer that produces mucin (a thick, sticky substance) and spreads throughout the abdominal cavity, and non-mucinous adenocarcinoma, which is a type of cancer that does not produce mucin.
The exact cause of appendix cancer is unknown, but it is thought to be related to genetic mutations that lead to uncontrolled cell growth and division. Some risk factors for appendix cancer include having a family history of the disease, having a history of certain gastrointestinal conditions such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease, and being over the age of 50.
Symptoms of appendix cancer may include abdominal pain, bloating, a feeling of fullness, constipation, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. However, many people with appendix cancer do not experience any symptoms until the cancer has progressed and spread to other parts of the body.
Treatment for appendix cancer depends on the type and stage of the cancer, as well as the person’s overall health. Surgery is typically the main treatment, with the goal of removing as much of the cancer as possible. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy may also be used, particularly if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body. Follow-up care after treatment is important to monitor for any recurrence or spread of the cancer.
