Cancer of the cervix, also known as cervical cancer, is a type of cancer that starts in the cells lining the cervix, which is the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. Cervical cancer is a serious condition that can be life-threatening if not detected and treated early.
The vast majority of cervical cancers are caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, which is a sexually transmitted infection. HPV can cause changes in the cells of the cervix that can lead to cancer over time. Other risk factors for cervical cancer include smoking, having multiple sexual partners, having a weakened immune system, and using birth control pills for an extended period.
Symptoms of cervical cancer may include abnormal vaginal bleeding, including bleeding between periods, after sexual intercourse, or after menopause, as well as pelvic pain, pain during sexual intercourse, and unusual vaginal discharge.
Screening for cervical cancer is important and can help detect precancerous changes in the cervix before they develop into cancer. The most common screening test is the Pap test, which involves collecting cells from the cervix and examining them under a microscope to look for any abnormalities. HPV testing is also often used as a screening tool.
Treatment for cervical cancer depends on the stage and extent of the cancer, but may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these treatments. Early detection and treatment can improve the prognosis and increase the chances of a full recovery. Vaccination against HPV is also an effective way to prevent cervical cancer.
