Developmental dislocation of the hip (DDH) is a condition in which the hip joint does not develop properly in infants and young children. It can lead to hip instability, dislocation, and osteoarthritis if left untreated. DDH is also known as developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) or congenital dislocation of the hip (CDH).
DDH occurs in about 1 to 2 out of every 1,000 live births. It is more common in females, first-born children, and in infants born in the breech position. Other risk factors for DDH include a family history of the condition, abnormal uterine conditions, and swaddling infants too tightly.
DDH is usually diagnosed through a physical examination of the hip joint. The Ortolani and Barlow tests are commonly used to assess hip instability and dislocation. In some cases, imaging tests such as an ultrasound or X-ray may be ordered to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment for DDH depends on the severity of the condition and the age of the patient. Infants under six months of age with mild DDH may be treated with a Pavlik harness, a soft brace that holds the hips in a stable position. This treatment is usually effective if started early and worn for 12-16 weeks. Older infants and children with more severe DDH may require a body cast or surgery to realign the hip joint.
If DDH is left untreated, it can lead to hip instability, dislocation, and osteoarthritis. Hip dysplasia in childhood can also lead to early-onset hip osteoarthritis in adulthood. Therefore, early detection and treatment are crucial in preventing long-term complications.
After treatment for DDH, patients require regular follow-up care to monitor hip development and ensure that the hip joint remains stable. If hip dysplasia persists or is not diagnosed until later in life, treatment may require hip replacement surgery to prevent or manage hip osteoarthritis.
In summary, DDH is a condition in which the hip joint does not develop properly in infants and young children. It can lead to hip instability, dislocation, and osteoarthritis if left untreated. Early detection and treatment are crucial in preventing long-term complications. Treatment may include a Pavlik harness, body cast, or surgery, depending on the severity of the condition and the age of the patient.
