cardiac surgery

Ventricular septal defect represents the most common congenital heart defect, affecting approximately 2-6 per 1000 live births. This condition involves an abnormal opening in the ventricular septum, allowing blood flow between the right and left ventricles, which can lead to significant hemodynamic consequences if left untreated.

The sternum, or breastbone, serves as a central anchor point in the anterior thoracic wall, providing crucial protection for vital organs and attachment sites for multiple structures. This flat bone consists of three distinct parts and demonstrates unique articulations with both the clavicles and costal cartilages. Understanding its anatomy is essential for medical professionals in fields ranging from cardiothoracic surgery to emergency medicine.

The heart serves as the body's primary circulatory pump, featuring four distinct chambers and multiple major blood vessels that work in perfect coordination. This anatomical illustration provides a clear view of the heart's main structures, using color coding to differentiate between oxygen-rich (red) and oxygen-poor (blue) blood flow paths, while also highlighting the crucial vessels that transport blood to and from the heart.

The human heart is a complex organ featuring an intricate network of blood vessels, chambers, and supporting structures that work together to maintain circulation throughout the body. This detailed anatomical illustration showcases the heart's major vessels, arteries, and veins, along with its essential structural components, providing a comprehensive view of cardiac anatomy from an anterior perspective.

This detailed anatomical illustration presents a comprehensive view of the human heart against a deep blue background, highlighting its complex network of blood vessels, chambers, and crucial structures. The diagram employs effective color coding - red for oxygen-rich vessels and blue for deoxygenated blood pathways - making it an invaluable educational resource for understanding cardiac anatomy.

The human heart's anatomy illustrates the complex interplay between chambers, vessels, and circulation pathways. This detailed diagram highlights the major structures essential for understanding cardiac function, using color-coding to distinguish between oxygenated (red) and deoxygenated (blue) blood flow.

The human heart's internal anatomy reveals intricate structures working harmoniously to maintain circulation. This detailed cross-sectional diagram showcases the chambers, valves, and muscular components essential for understanding cardiac function.

The human heart's fundamental anatomy is elegantly illustrated in this detailed sketch, depicting the major chambers and vessels essential for circulation. This artistic rendering emphasizes the heart's external features through skillful cross-hatching that reveals surface anatomy and coronary vessels.