DNA synthesis

DNA replication is a fundamental process that ensures the accurate duplication of genetic material before cell division, maintaining the integrity of the genome across generations. This intricate mechanism involves a series of enzymes working in harmony to unwind the double helix, using each original strand as a template to synthesize new complementary strands, resulting in two identical DNA molecules. Through a detailed medical diagram, this article explores the key components and steps of DNA replication, shedding light on the roles of enzymes like helicase and DNA polymerase, as well as the significance of the leading and lagging strands.

The molecular structure of DNA is a cornerstone of modern biology, revealing how genetic information is stored and transmitted within living organisms. The double helix, a twisted ladder-like formation, consists of two complementary strands held together by hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous base pairs, a design first elucidated by Watson and Crick. This article provides an in-depth look at the components of the DNA double helix, including the sugar-phosphate backbone, base pairs, and individual nucleotides, using a detailed medical diagram to illustrate these critical elements.