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The illustration depicts a classic presentation of lumbar myelomeningocele, showing the external sac containing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protruding posteriorly from the lumbar region of the spine.

The X-ray provides medical professionals with valuable insights into the skeletal manifestations of this condition, showing the absent cranial vault and other associated skeletal features that accompany this profound neural development disorder.

Anencephaly is one of the most severe neural tube defects compatible with life until birth, characterized by the absence of a major portion of the brain, skull, and scalp. The image depicts an anencephalic newborn in profile view, illustrating the distinctive craniofacial features associated with this condition. Anencephaly results from failure of the rostral (head) end of the neural tube to close during embryonic development, typically between the 23rd and 26th day of gestation. This devastating congenital anomaly is universally fatal, with most affected newborns surviving only hours to days after birth. Understanding the characteristic physical manifestations, underlying pathophysiology, and available management options is essential for healthcare professionals involved in perinatal and neonatal care.

Anencephaly is a severe congenital birth defect characterized by the absence of major portions of the brain, skull, and scalp. The image shows an anterosuperior view of an anencephalic fetus, demonstrating the distinctive facial features and cranial abnormalities that define this condition. This devastating neural tube defect occurs during early embryonic development when the neural tube fails to close properly at the cranial end, resulting in the absence of significant portions of the brain, particularly the cerebrum and cerebellum. Despite these profound structural abnormalities, the brainstem and spinal cord often remain intact, allowing for basic physiological functions in affected fetuses.

Spina bifida is a congenital neural tube defect that occurs when the spine and spinal cord don't form properly during fetal development. This condition can range from mild to severe, depending on the type, size, and location of the defect. The image illustrates both an anatomical cross-section of the spinal defect and an infant with visible spina bifida on the lower back. Early diagnosis, proper management, and ongoing medical care are crucial for individuals with this condition to achieve the best possible outcomes and quality of life.