respiratory function

The sternum, a critical component of the anterior thoracic wall, exhibits distinct anatomical features when viewed laterally. This elongated flat bone demonstrates specific articular surfaces and landmarks that are essential for thoracic cage integrity and cardiopulmonary protection. Understanding the lateral perspective of the sternum is crucial for medical professionals involved in thoracic surgery, trauma assessment, and clinical examination.

The human circulatory system consists of two main circuits: the pulmonary and systemic circuits, working in harmony to maintain life. This detailed diagram illustrates how blood flows through these circuits, with blue indicating oxygen-poor blood and red showing oxygen-rich blood. The illustration effectively demonstrates the relationship between the heart, lungs, and body tissues in maintaining proper circulation and gas exchange.

The thoracic vertebrae form a crucial component of the spinal column, uniquely designed to support both the upper body and provide attachment points for the ribs. This detailed lateral view illustration highlights the specific anatomical features that distinguish thoracic vertebrae, particularly their specialized facets for rib articulation and their role in forming the posterior thoracic wall.