trauma assessment

The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is a standardized neurological assessment tool used to evaluate a patient’s level of consciousness after brain injury or in other critical conditions. Developed in 1974 by Graham Teasdale and Bryan Jennett at the University of Glasgow, it is widely applied across medical settings, including emergency departments, intensive care units (ICUs), and trauma centers, to assess patients of all ages, including adults, children, and infants (with pediatric modifications). The GCS quantifies consciousness through three components—eye opening, verbal response, and motor response—providing a reliable, objective measure for clinical decision-making, prognosis, and monitoring.

The proximal ulna is a crucial component of the elbow joint, featuring distinct anatomical structures that contribute to both stability and mobility. The unique architecture of the olecranon, coronoid process, and articular surfaces enables complex movements while maintaining joint integrity. Understanding these anatomical features is essential for orthopedic surgeons, physical therapists, and medical professionals treating upper extremity conditions.