neuron support cells

Glial cells, often overshadowed by neurons, are indispensable components of the central nervous system (CNS), outnumbering neurons and providing critical support for neural function, maintenance, and protection. This diagram illustrates the four main types of glial cells in the CNS—astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and ependymal cells—depicted in their typical interactions with neurons, highlighting how they insulate axons, regulate the extracellular environment, defend against pathogens, and facilitate fluid movement. Understanding these cells reveals their dynamic roles beyond mere support, including active participation in synaptic signaling and response to injury, essential for overall brain health and spinal cord integrity.