olfactory nerve

The cranial fossae form the foundation of the cranial cavity, providing structural support and protection to the brain while housing critical neurovascular structures. This anatomical illustration highlights the anterior, middle, and posterior cranial fossae, showcasing their distinct roles in supporting different brain regions. The superior and lateral views of the skull reveal how these fossae are organized to accommodate the brain's complex architecture.

The ethmoid bone, an unpaired midline structure, is a critical component of the central skull, contributing to the nasal cavity, orbits, and anterior cranial fossa. This anatomical illustration highlights its key features, including the crista galli, perpendicular plate, cribriform plates, nasal conchae, and ethmoid air cells, showcasing its role in olfaction and structural support. Positioned between the nasal cavity and the brain, the ethmoid bone integrates with surrounding bones to facilitate respiratory and sensory functions.

The cranial nerves form an essential network of neural pathways connecting the brain to various organs and structures in the head and neck. This inferior view of the brain illustrates all twelve cranial nerve pairs, which control functions ranging from sensory processing to motor control and autonomic regulation.