vein entry site

Implanted venous access ports represent a significant advancement in long-term vascular access technology that combines reliable function with enhanced patient comfort and reduced infection risk. As illustrated in the image, these totally implantable devices consist of a reservoir (port) with a self-sealing septum connected to a catheter that extends through the venous system to terminate near the heart. Unlike external catheters, the entire system resides beneath the skin, requiring no external components when not in use.

Tunneled central venous catheters (CVCs) represent a specialized type of long-term vascular access device designed for patients requiring extended intravenous therapy. Unlike standard central lines, tunneled CVCs feature a subcutaneous tract between the venous entry site and the exit point on the skin, providing enhanced infection protection and improved stability. The image illustrates the anatomical positioning of a tunneled CVC, showing its path from the external exit site through a subcutaneous tunnel, into the right subclavian vein, and ultimately terminating in the superior vena cava near the right atrium.